The Three Genii

As part of our regular Rewilded section, we republish existing texts that reveal lessons about the future found in ancient wisdom

Pu Songling

In this story from Chinese mythology, the supernatural is part of everyday reality as spirits and humans live side by side. Fantastical creatures shift between realms, influencing happenings in this world. 

Reed and crabs painted by Zhao Ziyong, Qing dynasty. In the Qing dynasty the crab was thought to bring success in the Imperial Examination system. The Chinese word for the crab's shell (jia甲) has the additional meaning of ‘first’, meaning to achieve the highest score in the examination.

There was a certain scholar who, passing through Su-ch‘ien on his way to Nanking, where he was going to try for his master’s degree, happened to fall in with three other gentlemen, all graduates like himself, and was so charmed with their unusual refinement that he purchased a quantity of wine, and begged them to join him in drinking it. While thus pleasantly employed, his three friends told him their names. One was Chieh Ch‘in-hêng; the second, Ch‘ang Fêng-lin; and the other, Ma Hsi-ch‘ih. They drank away and enjoyed themselves very much, until evening had crept upon them unperceived, when Chieh said, “Here we, who ought to have been playing the host, have been feasting at a stranger’s expense. This is not right. But, come, my house is close by; I will provide you with a bed.” Ch‘ang and Ma got up, and, taking our hero by the arm, bade his servant come along with them. When they reached a hill to the north of the village, there before them was a house and grounds, with a stream of clear water in front of the door, all the apartments within being beautifully clean and nice. Chieh then gave orders to light the lamps and see after his visitor’s servant; whereupon Ma observed, “Of old it was customary to set intellectual refreshments before one’s friends; let us not miss the opportunity of this lovely evening, but decide on four themes, one for each of us; and then, when we have finished our essays, we can set to work on the wine.” To this the others readily agreed; and each wrote down a theme and threw it on the table.

Three very wonderful beings, who often came out for a stroll, and were occasionally visible to mortal eye.

These were next divided amongst them as they sat, and before the second watch was over the essays were all completed and handed round for general inspection; and our scholar was so struck with the elegance and vigour of those by his three friends, that he ran off a copy of them and put it in his pocket. The host then produced some excellent wine, which was drunk by them in such bumpers that soon they were all tolerably tipsy. The other two now took their leave; but Chieh led the scholar into another room, where, so overcome was he with wine, that he went to bed in his boots and clothes.

The sun was high in the heavens when our hero awaked, and, looking round, he saw no house or grounds, only a dell on the hill-side, in which he and his servant had been sleeping. In great alarm he called out to the servant, who also got up, and then they found a hole with a rill of water trickling down before it. Much astonished at all this, he felt in his pocket, and there, sure enough, was the paper on which he had copied the three essays of his friends. On descending the hill and making inquiries, he found that he had been to the Grotto of the Three Genii—namely, Crab, Snake, and Frog, three very wonderful beings, who often came out for a stroll, and were occasionally visible to mortal eyes. Subsequently, when our hero entered the examination hall, lo! the three themes set were those of the Three Genii, and he came out at the top of the list.

Strange Tales of Liao Zhai, translated as Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, by Pu Songling contains nearly 500 mystical tales. Completed in 1679, it circulated in manuscript form for many years, before finally being published posthumously by his grandson in 1740. An alternate title was History of Foxes and Ghosts. It was translated in English by Herbert A. Giles in 1880.

The Non-Humans Stage

K Allado-McDowell